Artificial intelligence, extended reality and computational modelling in cross-sectional cardiovascular imaging in congenital heart disease: a narrative review

Artificial intelligence (AI), extended reality (XR), and computational modelling are increasingly integrated with cross-sectional cardiovascular imaging, particularly computed tomography (CT) and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), to address the diagnostic and therapeutic complexity of congenital heart disease (CHD). Given the lifelong and heterogeneous nature of CHD, these technologies have the potential to enhance anatomical assessment, haemodynamic understanding, procedural planning, and personalised care. This narrative review aims to provide a structured overview of current developments, clinical applications, and translational challenges related to AI, XR, and computational modelling in CT- and CMR-based CHD imaging.