Throughout the history of surgery in the world, challenges were constantly part of the way forward, and this is certainly true for open heart surgery (OHS). In the past, challenges often inspired surgeons to develop innovative treatments leading to better quality of OHS performance. Therefore, challenges had a positive impact on the development of OHS over the last century.
Guest Editor: Koffi Herve Yangni-Angate, MD, FWACS, FICS, FISS (University of Bouake, Bouake, Cote d’Ivoire)